History of Architecture in Bangladesh You Need to Know
History of Architecture in Bangladesh You Need to Know
history of architecture in Bangladesh
History of Architecture in Bangladesh : Pre Historic Period
So far we know this period is the most ancient stage of Bengal delta. At this time Buddhism was the dominated ideology. Viharas, Temples, stupas are the main building type of this era. At that ruling period “Pal” was the ruling dynasty. King Gopal was the founder king of that dynasty. In that period this region was so much developed that magnificent architecture of Pahrpur Monastery was flourish towards south-east Asia like Sumatra, Java etc. Paharpur Monastery, Mainamati Monastery, Temples of Mahasthan, Sitakot Monastery etc are major structures of this time. The glorious style, skilled construction technique, art works on these structures proved that we have a glorious past.
Hindu Period
The Hindu period of Bangladesh’s architecture history refers to the time before the arrival of Islam in the region. The period is marked by the construction of temples in brick and stone, influenced by the Nagara or Kalinga style.
Ancient Bengali architecture reached its pinnacle during the Pala Empire (750–1120); this was Bengali-based and the last Buddhist imperial power in the Indian subcontinent. Most patronage was of Buddhist viharas, temples and stupas. Pala architecture influenced Tibetan and Southeast Asian architecture.
Sultanat Period
This period is the state of Islam in this region. Turks defeated the Hindu rulers and start their ruling and obviously with spreading the Islam. In this period Muslim rulers took Bengali architecture towards a distinct character. They import typical Muslim features like Arch, dome, Minar or turrets and mihrab as well as adopt those features into local buildings with the use of available local materials and technology. As this Bengal delta has heavy rainfall, flood and consequence movement of flow of river they did not built any large or huge palaces. During this period major building type was the Mosques and…… . This period is a great inspiration of Bengali contextually and identity.
Mughal Period
Mughal ruling start in bengle delta after a time lag from the start it in Delhi. In 1516 Mughal rule was governed entirely in Bengle Which was the eastern wing of the North Indian Empires. This rule was called Subah-e-Bangla. But there was always a tension between North Indian Empires and provincial leaders. The strong attitude of Delhi empires of built strong monumental architectures and palaces in their ruling area deeply affected the prevailing sultanate style. The emerged “bangaliana” or nationalism during sultanat period was deeply get obstacle.
Colonial Period
This is a controversial era of Bengal. There is a great debate about this time. One group said that invasion of British took us to modern community. Other said that they basically demolished our long traditional influences both of Sultani’s and Mughals..^^
Post-Colonial Period
The most remarkable architecture of this time is the Louis I Kahn’s “National Parliament Building of Bangladesh” or “Samsad Bhaban”.
Contemporary Period
During this time frame still we do not find any distinctive vocabulary of architecture. Here we observe practice of various architecture and obviously all are modern in essence. Different architects are practicing to establish a style of this era which may represent a free Bangladeshi nation. After Liberation war Bangladesh faced a scarcity of intellectuals and guide. As Pakistani rulers deeply damaged our group of intellectuals. It creates a vacant space of continuation of our cultural progress. On the other hand we find Liberation war as a great inspiration to built our nation. Moreover, a huge number of intellectuals migrated from this country during the war. So the created gap in politics, art, cinema, literature, music and other side of culture also made effect to built a vocabulary in architecture. Our pioneer practicing architects did not find friendly environment for creating architecture subsequently. We faced a lack of environment for good practice. The good start of architectural education in East Pakistan did not reflect in profession after Liberation. Specialist practitioners from western country might be a good inspiration and resource. But it got a crashing obstacle after Liberation.
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